Anemia… Treatment of Warm Antibody Type Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (WAIHA) 20 Feb 201820 Feb 2018 Warm antibody type of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (WAIHA) is characterised by anaemia, reticulocytosis, conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia with the presence of a positive anti-globulin (Coombs') test (see Diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia). It may…
Anemia… Anaemia with Hyperbilirubinaemia 8 Jun 201610 Jun 2016 A 49-year-old female presented with dyspnoea on exertion of 1 month duration. Examination reviled pallor and icterus. There was no lymphadenopathy, clubbing, koilonychia, platonychia, petechiae or purpura. There was no oedema…
Anemia… The Erythrocyte Membrane 4 Feb 201411 Oct 2017 Compared to other cells of the body the erythrocyte, consistent with its simple functional requirements, has a simple structure. The erythrocyte delivers oxygen to tissue and aids in carriage of…
Anemia… Sickle Cells 24 Aug 201331 Aug 2013 Sickle Cells 40X Sickle Cells - 100X Sickle Cells - 100X The three photomicrographs above show sickle cells from a patients with sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anaemia occurs because…
Anemia… Erythrocyte Metabolism 6 Aug 20137 Aug 2013 As erythrocytes lack mitochondria they are not able to use fats or generate energy from Krebs cycle. Though they have enzymes to synthesize glycogen the balance between synthesis and breakdown…
Anemia… Evaluating Anaemia 28 Sep 201228 May 2016 Anaemia is not disease but a manifestation of an underlying disease. The list of diseases causing anaemia is exhaustive. The list includes disease as innocuous as a nutritional iron deficiency…
Anemia… Sickle Haemoglobin and Varients 14 May 201213 Jun 2012 Substitution of the amino acid glutamic acid by valine at position 6 of the beta globin gene (HBB glu6val) results in a mutant haemoglobin that polymerizes at low oxygen pressure. This…
Anemia… Diagnosis of Haemolytic Anaemia 23 Nov 201130 Aug 2013 Haemolysis is decreased erythrocytes lifespan (normal about 100-120 days). The bone marrow responds to haemolysis by increasing erythrocyte production. Anaemia occurs only when the erythrocyte life span is reduced to…
Anemia… The Reticulocyte Count 10 Oct 201110 Jun 2016 Anaemia induces production of erythropoietin which promotes differentiation of the hemopoietic stem cell along the erythroid lineage. With maturation, the erythroid precursors shrink in size, loose nucleus and haemoglobinize (see…
Haemoglobin… Haemoglobin Catabolism 30 Aug 20114 Sep 2011 Haemoglobin is made up of heme, an iron containing porphyrin and globin, a protein. Normally the erythrocyte lives about 120 days. Ageing or damaged erythrocytes are destroyed by the macrophages…
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