Clinical Features of Multiple Myeloma

10 Jun 201810 Jun 2018

Myeloma causes symptoms by infiltration, production of paraproteins and production of cytokines. The common manifestations include  anemia, bone pain, renal impairment, fatigue and weight loss, hypercalcaemia, and neurological manifestations. Anaemia…

The M-Band

29 Jun 201610 Jun 2018

What is an M-Band? Immunoglobulins are antigen binding molecules secreted by plasma cells. Immunoglobulins bind antigens and play a role acquired immunity. Plasma cells develop from antigen exposed B-lymphocytes. The…

Staging of Multiple Myeloma

23 Sep 201523 Sep 2015

Cancer is a heterogenous disease in terms of survival. Cancer staging is a method to classify patients according to prognosis. More advanced stages are associated with a worse prognosis. Patients…

Bisphosphonate Associated Osteonecrosis

6 Oct 2013

Osteoclast mediated absorption of bone is responsible for skeletal morbidity associated cancer. Bisphosphonates target the osteoclast and reduce skeletal events. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is an uncommon but serious adverse effects…

Multiple Myeloma – Plasma Cells

17 Sep 20131 Feb 2018

Normal plasma cells are 15-20 μm in diameter, have an eccentric nucleus and a pale blue cytoplasm. there is a perinuclear halo which corresponds to the Golgi apparatus. The cytoplasm…

Biclonal Gammopathy

13 Sep 2013

A 53 year old patient presented with backache. A skeletal survey was performed that showed punched out lesions in the skull. The bone marrow aspiration showed 21% plasma cells.  The…

Conventional Radiology in Multiple Myeloma

12 Sep 201313 Sep 2013

  There are four monoclonal gammopathies Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS)  defined as monoclonal component <3g/dL and bone marrow plasma cells less than 10% and no end organ damage.…

Pomalidomide Approved for Refractory Myeloma

16 Apr 201316 Apr 2013

Pomalidomide has been accelerated approved by US FDA for multiple myeloma that has progressed on at least two previous therapies including bortezomib and lenalidomide, within 60 days of the last…

Multiple myeloma – Involvement of tibia and fibula

16 Jul 201217 Jul 2012

A 66 year woman presented with backache without evidence of spinal cord compression. The MRI showed a hyper intense signal in the body of the C2, D9, D12 and L3…

Determinants of Blood Viscosity

19 Mar 201219 Mar 2012

Fluids flow on application of pressure. The flow may be laminar flow that is orderly in parallel layers or turbulent flow that is chaotic. During laminar flow the layer closest…