Contents

Physiology of Blood

  1. Haematopoiesis
    1. Sites of Haematopoiesis
    2. The Haemopoietic Stem Cell
    3. Control of haematopoiesis
    4. Morphology of myeloid precursors
    5. Morphology of erythroid precursors
    6. Megakaryocyte morphology
  2. Erythrocyte Physiology
    1. The Erythrocyte Membrane – Erythrocyte Metabolism
    2. Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin Receptor
    3. Haemoglobin Synthesis and Catabolism –Heme Synthesis – Haemoglobin Catabolism – Detoxifying Haemoglobin
  4. Iron Metabolism – Intestinal Iron Absorption – Distribution of Body Iron – Hepcidin and Ferroportin
  5. Mechanisms Inducing and/or sustaining Malignant Phenotype
    1. BCR-ABL1 Gene – Proteasome
  6. Physiology of Coagulation
    1. Vitamin K
    2. Coagulation Factors Factor VII Factor XI Factor XII

Laboratory Evaluation Of Haemstological Disease

  1. Platelet Counts and Platelet Indices
  2. Reticulocyte Count
  3. Coagulation test – Bleeding time – Prothrombin time – Activated Partial Thromboplatin time – Thrombin Time – mixing studies
  4. Laboratory Evaluation of Coagulation
  5. ESR
  6. The M Band

Manifestations of Haematological Disease

  1. Signs and Symptoms – Evaluating Anaemia – Evaluation of a Bleeding Patient – Evaluation of Splenomegaly
  2. Leucocyte Anomalies – Lymphocytosis in Adults – Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis –

Disorders of Erythrocytes

  1. Anaemia
    1. Iron Deficiency –
      1. Clinical Manifestations- Clinical Manifestations of Iron Deficiency – Laboratory Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency
      2. Diagnosis – Transferrin and Transferrin Saturation – Laboratory Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency
      3. Therapy – Oral Iron Therapy – Intravenous Iron Therapy
    3. Haemoglobinopathies
      1. Genetics of Haemoglobinopathies
        1. Evolution and Spread of HbS
      2. Sickling Disorders Sickle β-thalassaemia
      3. The Thalassaemias
      4. β-Thalassaemia – Classification of β-thalassaemia – Heterozygous β-thalassaemia
  2. Haemolytic anaemia – Diagnosis of Haemolytic Anaemia
  3. Megaloblastic Anaemia – Clinical Features of Megaloblastic Anaemia
  4. Anaemia in Systemic Disease
  5. Anaemia of Renal Insufficiency
  6. Polycythaemia – Etiology of Polycythaemia

Stem Cell Disorders

  1. Myeloproliferative Diseases
    1. Overview of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
    2. Calreticulin and Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
  2. Aplastic Anaemia

Platelet Diseases

Diseases of Coagulation

  1. Coagulation Factors – Factor VII Factor XI – Factor XII
  2. Thrombophilia
  3. Acquired Diseases
    1. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome – Clinical Features of Antphospholipid Syndromes

Diseases of leucocytes

  1. Eosinophils – Eosinophilia Drug Induced Eosinophilia
  2. Leukaemia
    1. Chronic Leukaemia
    2. Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia – Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
  3. Lymphoma
    1. Classification of Lymphoma
    2. Manifestations of Lymphoma
    3. Paraneoplastic Syndromes Associated with Lymphoma
  4. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
    1. Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma – Primary Culaneous DLBCL – Leg Typ
    2. Follicular Lymphoma – Etiology
    3. Hodgkin Lymphoma – Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
  5. Myeloma
    1. Clinical Features of Multiple Myeloma–
    2. Staging of Multiple Myeloma – Conventional Radiology in Multiple Myeloma

Emergencies in Haematology

  1. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
  2. Tumour Lysis Syndrome
  3. Overwhelming Post-splenectomy Sepsis

Therapeutic Modalities

  1. Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Haematology
    1. Iron Therapy Oral Iron therapy Intravenous Iron
    2. Chemotherapy Drugs – Bendamustine – Hydroxyurea
    3. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors – Dasatanib
    4.  Anticaogulants
      1. Vitamin K Antagonists – Vitamin K  Discovery of Vitamin K, Its Targets and Antagonists
    5. Haemopoietic Growth Factors Granulocytic Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
  2. Blood Transfusion – The ABO (ABH) Blood Group SystemProducts – Cryoprecipitate and Cryosupernatant
    1. Complications – Complication of Blood and Blood Product Transfusions – Febrile Non-Haemalytic Transfusion Reaction Transfusion Induced Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) – Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease

Cases

  1. 78year old alcoholic with anaemia
  2. Anaemia with Thrombocytosis
  3. Anaemia with hyperbilirubinaemia

Haematology Atlas

  1. Erythrocytes Sickle Cells
  2. Leucocytes Monocytes and Neutrophils
  3. Plasma Cell Diseases – Multiple Myeloma – Plasma Cells – Biclonal Gammopathy
  4. Complications of Therapy – Bisphosphonate Induced Osteonecrosis